to SvetovBorisФлеш демонстрация идеи эксперимента Майкельсона-Морли:
http://galileoandeinstein.physics.virgi ... mexpt6.htmВся статья:
http://galileo.phys.virginia.edu/classe ... elson.htmlЕсли в лом читать, вот отрывок, который говорит об интерпретации результатов эксперимента:
Цитата:
The only possible conclusion from this series of very difficult experiments was that the whole concept of an all-pervading aether was wrong from the start. Michelson was very reluctant to think along these lines. In fact, new theoretical insight into the nature of light had arisen in the 1860’s from the brilliant theoretical work of Maxwell, who had written down a set of equations describing how electric and magnetic fields can give rise to each other. He had discovered that his equations predicted there could be waves made up of electric and magnetic fields, and the speed of these waves, deduced from experiments on how these fields link together, would be 186,300 miles per second. This is, of course, the speed of light, so it is natural to assume that light is made up of fast-varying electric and magnetic fields. But this leads to a big problem: Maxwell’s equations predict a definite speed for light, and it is the speed found by measurements. But what is the speed to be measured relative to? The whole point of bringing in the aether was to give a picture for light resembling the one we understand for sound, compressional waves in a medium. The speed of sound through air is measured relative to air. If the wind is blowing towards you from the source of sound, you will hear the sound sooner. If there isn’t an aether, though, this analogy doesn’t hold up. So what does light travel at 186,300 miles per second relative to?
There is another obvious possibility, which is called the emitter theory: the light travels at 186,300 miles per second relative to the source of the light. The analogy here is between light emitted by a source and bullets emitted by a machine gun. The bullets come out at a definite speed (called the muzzle velocity) relative to the barrel of the gun. If the gun is mounted on the front of a tank, which is moving forward, and the gun is pointing forward, then relative to the ground the bullets are moving faster than they would if shot from a tank at rest. The simplest way to test the emitter theory of light, then, is to measure the speed of light emitted in the forward direction by a flashlight moving in the forward direction, and see if it exceeds the known speed of light by an amount equal to the speed of the flashlight. Actually, this kind of direct test of the emitter theory only became experimentally feasible in the nineteen-sixties. It is now possible to produce particles, called neutral pions, which decay each one in a little explosion, emitting a flash of light. It is also possible to have these pions moving forward at 185,000 miles per second when they self destruct, and to catch the light emitted in the forward direction, and clock its speed. It is found that, despite the expected boost from being emitted by a very fast source, the light from the little explosions is going forward at the usual speed of 186,300 miles per second. In the last century, the emitter theory was rejected because it was thought the appearance of certain astronomical phenomena, such as double stars, where two stars rotate around each other, would be affected. Those arguments have since been criticized, but the pion test is unambiguous. The definitive experiment was carried out by Alvager et al., Physics Letters 12, 260 (1964).
Вот современный аналог эксперимента Майкельсона-Морли:
http://prl.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v99/i5/e050401используются оптические и криогенные микроволновые резонаторы и позволяют обнаружить отклонение скорости света, если бы оно составляло несколько единиц на
.
Цитата из вики (данные можно подтвердить из других источников):
Цитата:
Эксперимент дал отрицательный результат, то есть «эфирный ветер» при движении Земли обнаружен не был. Это могло свидетельствовать либо о полном увлечении эфира, либо о неподвижности Земли. Последняя возможность была маловероятна, так как Земля со скоростью 30 км/c двигается, по крайней мере, вокруг Солнца. Привлечение же гипотезы полного увлечения эфира противоречило наблюдаемой аберрации звёзд, которая в этом случае отсутствовала бы.
подтверждающие отсутствие "эфирного ветра".)
Он ничего толкового до сих пор не сказал и не скажет. Он слишком упрямый.
признаков агрессивной лженауки.
Хотя мне лень его наполнить чем-то интересным и понятным, пока он страшный очень. Но большинство сайтов там действительно ужасны.
, а некоторые не хотят возиться с картинками для формул.