Правильное понимание квантовой теории даёт книга
Asher Peres "Quantum Theory: Concepts and Methods".
Вкратце:
- Примитивные понятия квантовой теории - процедуры приготовления и процедуры испытания.
- Квантовая теория - набор правил для вычисления вероятностей результатов испытаний для заданных процедур приготовления.
- Квантовое состояние характеризуется вероятностями результатов испытаний.
Зачем создано много "интерпретаций квантовой механики", когда уже имеется единственно правильная интерпретация?
В упомянутой книге правильная интерпретация изложена так:
1-4 Introducing the quantum language
Preparations and Tests
Примитивные понятия квантовой теории - процедуры приготовления (preparations) и процедуры испытания (tests):
Цитата:
Let us observe a physicist in his laboratory. We see him performing two different kinds of tasks, which can be called preparations and tests. These preparations and tests are the primitive, undefined notions of quantum theory. They are like the points and straight lines in the axioms of Euclidean geometry.
Что такое квантовая теория:
Цитата:
In a strict sense, quantum theory is a set of rules allowing the computation of probabilities for the outcomes of tests which follow specified preparations.
Here, a probability is defined as usual: If we repeat the same preparation many times, the probability of a given outcome is its relative frequency, namely the limit of the ratio of the number of occurrences of that outcome to the total number of trials, when these numbers tend to infinity. This ratio must tend to a limit if we repeat the same preparation (this is the meaning of “same”).
Такое определение квантовой теории общепринято?
2-1 What is a quantum system?
Цитата:
A quantum system is a useful abstraction, which frequently appears in the literature, but does not really exist in nature. In general, a quantum system is defined by an equivalence class of preparations. (Recall that “preparations” and “tests” are the primitive notions of quantum theory. Their meaning is the set of instructions to be followed by an experimenter.) For example, there are many equivalent macroscopic procedures for producing what we call a photon, or a free hydrogen atom, etc. The equivalence of different preparation procedures should be verifiable by suitable tests.
Такое понимание квантовой системы общепринято?
Что такое "квантовое состояние":
Цитата:
Consider a given preparation and a set of tests, among which some are mutually incompatible. If these tests are performed many times, after identical preparations, we find that the statistical distribution of outcomes of each test tends to a limit. Each outcome has a definite probability. We can then define a state as follows: A state is characterized by the probabilities of the various outcomes of every conceivable test.
Такое понимание квантового состояния общепринято?
Далее в той же книге приведено замечание Нильса Бора, которое принципиально важно для правильного понимания квантовой теории:
Цитата:
There can be no unambiguous interpretation of the quantum mechanics symbols other than that embodied in the well-known rules which allow to predict the results to be obtained by a given experimental arrangement described in a totally classical way.
Такой взгляд на квантовую теорию общепринят?
В статье
Lucien Hardy "Reformulating and Reconstructing Quantum Theory" (
PDF) даётся следующее определение квантового состояния:
Цитата:
The state associated with a preparation for a given type of system is that thing given by any mathematical object which can be used to calculate the probability for any circuit built from this preparation followed by any result for this type of system.
This definition ensures that the state is in one to one correspondence with equivalence classes of preparations. I.e. all preparations having the same state are equivalent to one another.
Насколько широко известен "circuit framework", рассматриваемый в этой статье?
08.06.2022, 20:06 